Iteration generally wins for memory safety because it avoids the risk of StackOverflowError that comes with deep recursion. Since each recursive call adds a new frame to the call stack, complex problems can easily exhaust available memory. Iteration uses a fixed amount of memory regardless of how many loops run, making it much more predictable and efficient for large datasets or long-running processes. However, recursion is often cleaner for tree traversals or divide-and-conquer algorithms. For your A/L Java syllabus, stick to iteration when performance and stability are key!